Урок 27. Homes and neighbourhoods

Конспект урока

Английский язык, 11 класс

Урок № 27. Homes and neighbourhoods

На уроке вы:

Узнаете о проблемах жизни в мегаполисе.

Познакомитесь с новыми лексическими единицами по теме «Урбанизация. Жизнь в мегаполисе. Бездомность»

Научитесь использовать новую лексику в контексте.

Потренируете навыки чтения с полным пониманием содержания.

Повторите правила основных способов словообразования в связном контексте.

Термины и понятия урока № 27

Лексические единицы по теме. «Жизнь в мегаполисе: проблемы урбанизации, бездомность»:

abandoned, B & B, boom town, cosmopolitan, residential, hostel, industrial, rural, urban, pedestrianised, posh, poverty, privacy, shanty, squat, suburb, warehouse, make ends meet, take pity on, homeless

Развитие лексических навыков: употребление лексических единиц в речи.

Развитие навыков аудирования и чтения с полным пониманием прочитанного.

Активизация грамматических навыков и умений по теме «Времена английского глагола в активном и страдательном залоге. Личные и неличные формы глагола».

Развитие лексико-грамматической навыков трансформации в заданном контексте.

Основная и дополнительная литература по теме урока:

• Афанасьева О.В., Дули Дж. и др. Английский в фокусе. Английский язык. 11 класс. Учебник, стр. 23 – М.: Просвещение, 2017.
• Афанасьева О.В., Дули Дж. и др. Английский язык. Рабочая тетрадь. 11 класс. – М.: Просвещение, 2017.
• Афанасьева О.В., Дули Дж. и др. Английский язык. Книга для чтения. 11 класс. – М.: Просвещение, 2017.
• Афанасьева О.В., Дули Дж. и др. Английский язык. Языковой портфель. 11 класс. – М.: Просвещение, 2017.
• Афанасьева О.В., Дули Дж. и др. Английский язык. Контрольные задания. 11 класс. – М.: Просвещение, 2017.

Task 1

Have a look at the pictures. Where do these people sit? Why do they ask for help? What are their common problem? Why do you think they do not have a home?

Match the problems with pictures.

Task 2

In the lesson you came across the following words and words combinations:

developing countries – развивающиеся страны

decline – спад

urban area – городская территория

megacity – мегаполис

migration – миграция

rural areas – сельские области

push factors — подталкивающий фактор

pull factors – притягивающий фактор

sanitation – санитария

Read the text and study the picture (ИЗ-2) of urbanization factors and sort them according to the categories.

The world’s population is growing rapidly and reached 7.3 billion people in 2011. The highest rates of population growth are occurring in developing countries, such as Zimbabwe, Malawi and Niger. Some countries are experiencing population decline, for example Japan, Russia and the Ukraine.

Today more than 50% of the world’s population live in urban areas. The number of cities with over 10 million people is increasing. These are called megacities. There are now 34 megacities in the world.

The population of cities usually changes in one of two ways:

Natural increase (or decrease) — this is the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths.

Migration — this is the movement of people into or out of the city.

More and more people are leaving rural areas and moving to cities. This is called rural to urban migration. People move because of push and pull factors. Push factors are things that make people want to leave rural areas and pull factors are the things that attract people to a city.

Each year thousands of people move to the city from rural areas. People move because the city has lots of pull factors. They think that the city will provide lots of opportunities such as:

social — better housing and services, eg healthcare and education

economic — more jobs and higher wages

environmental — better living conditions with a safer environment (less chance of natural disasters)

People who move think that they will have a better quality of life. Unfortunately, cities face lots of challenges and the people who move there do not always have a better quality of life. Some of the challenges they may face include:

social — poor housing conditions and crime

economic — low wages or unemployment

environmental — polluted drinking water and a lack of sanitation

unemployment,

lower wages,

crop failure,

poor living conditions,

poor health and education services

few facilities,

natural disasters,

civil war

more jobs,

higher wages,

better living conditions,

better education and health services,

better facilities,

less chance of natural disasters

Task 3

Do the task with the new words.

Match the phrases with the same meanings

Homelessness is a widely spread problem in the big cities. There are a lot of homeless people all around the world. Jasmine is one of them. Watch a video about her life story. After watching choose the correct answer. Complete the sentences:

1 Jasmine left home because

• it was bad.
• her parents died.
• she wanted to be independent.
• she wanted to live with her friends.

2 She moved to London because she thought

• her friends didn’t want her any more.
• she would make new friends there.
• she would get a job there.
• life would be easier there.

3 She spent the first few nights

• on the street.
• in a B&B.
• on a park bench.
• at a fixed address.

4 The buildings she occasionally stays in

• have plenty of room for the homeless.
• are not used any more.
• can be colder than the streets.
• are used by others during the day.

5 Jasmine thinks the worst thing about being homeless is

• having nothing to do.
• the noise from the traffic.
• asking for money from strangers.
• the cold weather.

6 More than anything, Jasmine wants

• a job.
• her own home.
• her self-confidence back.
• to be taken seriously

Task 4

Study new words and do the crossword puzzle

industrial — промышленный,

capital — столица,

cosmopolitan — всемирный,

overcrowded – людный, переполненный,

historic — исторический,

market — рынок

boom – быстро растущий,

shanty — хижина, хибара, лачуга

new — новый

1. Dublin is a rather ……. city and housing is scarce.

2. York is a(n) ……. city because it dates from 71 AD.

3. Manchester is a(n) ……. city because there are many factories and warehouses there.

4. Preston is a famous ……. town in the north of England with indoor and outdoor markets open six days a week.

5. Newcastle was a(n) ……. town in the 19th century because of the mining industry.

6. Edinburgh is the ……. city of Scotland.

7. Fortunately, there are no ……. towns in Britain.

8. Milton Keynes is a(n) ……. town that was established in 1967.

9. London is a very ……. city with people from lots of different cultures living there.

Task 5

Underline the best variant to complete the sentences.

1 Always walk on ……. streets at night to be safe.

rough/ abandoned/ well-lit

2 You can find ……. houses in rough areas of cities with high crime.

posh/ run-down/ fully-furnished

3 He had no furniture, so he rented a ….. house.

abandoned/ fully-furnished/ office

4 Wealthy people usually live in a big ……. house.

posh/ squat/ run-down

5 The council is going to renovate this old ……. building and turn it into a youth centre.

abandoned/ posh/ fully-furnished

6 In the industrial part of the city there are a lot of ……. warehouses because businesses have moved away.

well-lit/ disused/ posh

7 A ……. is a house where people live illegally.

office/ squat/ residential

8 In the business district there are a lot of huge ……. buildings.

run-down/ disused/ office

9 I live in a quiet ……. area in the suburbs of a big city.

residential/ disused/ abandoned

10 The shops in my town are located in a ……. area where cars aren’t allowed.

rough/ pedestrianised/ squat

11 There is often a lot of crime and poverty in a ……. neighbourhood, in a town or city.

well-lit/ posh/ rough

Task 6

Complete the dialogue with the appropriate word or phrase.

existence / foster care / independent / regret / homeless/ council flat / way out / wish

Journalist: How long have you been living on the streets?

Jasmine: For six years now, since I was sixteen.

Journalist: Why do you live here?

Jasmine: Many people find it hard to understand why I gave up a home in ________to make it on my own but I wanted to be _________. Little did I know how hard it would be. Journalist: Do you _________ your actions?

Jasmine: Yes, quite often I _______ I had stayed on at school and stayed in foster care until I was eighteen. Maybe then I would have a job or would have gone to college.

Journalist: What is the worst thing about being _______ ?

Jasmine: Feeling cold and lonely. And there’s also the uncertainty, the danger. It is the worst kind of _______, believe me!

Journalist: Is there any ______ ?

Jasmine: I hope and pray that one day soon I’ll get a _______ and will finally have my own place to call home.

Task 7

Use the phrases to complete the sentences. There is an extra one.

rural area / sleeping bag / fixed address / foster home / waiting list / running water / soup kitchen /

1 After her parents were killed in a car accident, Annie was placed in a …………………………

2 The young mother put her name on a ……………………………. for affordable housing.

3 While away at school, Brian’s mail was sent to his ……………………………….. in London.

4 The twins brought along their ……………… ………………………… on the camping trip.

5 There was no ……………………………….. in the building after a pipe burst in the basement.

6 The homeless man went to a nearby ………. ……………………………… for a hot meal.

Task 8

Watch the video and fill the gaps in the text with the necessary words.

There are more people living in cities than in ______ areas. Urbanisation is the defining phenomenon of this century; half of the world’s population is urban. Many people are enticed from rural areas by the ______ of a better life. We need to improve living conditions for the urban poor by providing adequate ______, clean water and ______.

One key to making cities ______ better is good planning. Planners need to ______ cities to make them beneficial for all citizens. Cities need green transport and green ______; they need to be energy ______ and pedestrian- ______, with housing and jobs to ______ people to come to live there.

Task 9

Read the text and complete it with the appropriate words.

Charity 

Nowadays a lot of people in the world have little or no money at all. Many of them are even homeless and can’t enjoy what most of us take for 1 …………… . They need our help and there are a lot of charity organizations to help poor people. Because of charities many homeless people have shelters, hungry children have been fed, a lot of diseases have already been 2 …………… and many animals are safe.
Around the world there are a lot of children who suffer from different diseases, running 3 …………… time and hope.
There are a lot of people in the world who have chosen charity as their main mission in life. One of the most famous missionaries was Mother Teresa. She lived the hard life of the poor alongside them; she knew how it felt sleeping on hard floors and living on dirty streets. And because she was experiencing 4 …………… what the people she was helping were going through, she so effectively knew how to give.
A lot of rich people also feel the necessity to help the poor. For example, Bill Gates is a famous billionaire, but he is also a noted philanthropist who donated the proceeds of his successful books to 5 …………… educational organizations. He has also given millions to initiatives in global health and learning, hoping to 6 …………… more and more people to have access to 7 …………… facilities in these areas. The spirit of philanthropy is not about what or how much you give but rather about the feeling that you are helping others in need.

1. 1) common 2) granted 3) usual 4) life

2. 1) recovered 2) healed 3) cared 4) cured

3. 1) with 2) out 3) of 4) out of

4. 1) first-hand 2) first-rate 3) first-time 4) first-ever

5. 1) unprofit 2) unprofitable 3) non-profit 4)non-profitable

6. 1) unable 2) enable 3) let 4) make

7. 1) visible 2) vigorous 3) vivid 4) vital

Task 10

Read the text and complete the gaps with the correct word derived from the word in brackets.

Nowadays, many people tend to prefer a life in the urban city because of many opportunities that it brings to them, such as: job, career, the _______ (ENTERTAIN), good _______ (EDUCATE), and ______ (GOOD) standard of living. However, the life in the urban city is also very _______ (STRESS) and busy. Moreover, one of _______ (BIG) problems of the urban city is dense population because more and more people tend to go to the city to find jobs and make a living day by day. The _____ (POPULATION) creates many_________ (WORRY) problems in our society nowadays.

____ (ONE) of all, one of the problems that the society in the urban city has to face is ______ (EMPLOY). People become _______ (JOB) and can’t afford their own living and their own family.

The ______ (TWO) problem of dense population is the ________ (POLLUTE) of air and water.

Some other problems of dense population are the degradation of infrastructure in society, exhausting resources, traffic jam, stressed lives, illiteracy, the poverty and so forth. All of the above problems resulted from dense population in the urban city.

Task 11

Read the texts and choose appropriate headings. There is an extra one.

High time to relax

Treatment for free

Cinema for the homeless

Bus for the homeless

1._____________

There are an estimated 100,000 homeless people living in the Indian capital of Delhi. A few makeshift cinemas are providing some much-needed entertainment and relaxation in the hardship of their lives. They have become a place to socialise and relax. Regular visitors who settle down for a good film include migrant labourers and rickshaw pullers.

2. _____________

All aboard for what could be a revolution in housing for the homeless. This is the double-decker that’s doubling up as accommodation. Paul has lived rough here on the Isle of Wight (UK) for months, but he’s now one of 14 homeless people with a permanent berth on-board. Top deck the seats are out and the beds are in. Downstairs there are more beds, a fully-fitted kitchen, even a wood-burner.

3. ______________

Rosa’s Fresh Pizza shop in Philadelphia in the United States offers pizza to customers at a dollar a slice. But you can pay for a slice, leave a post-it note, and that slice will be given free to people in need. Owner Mason Wartman hopes other shops will follow. He says that a little kindness

could help people turn their lives around.

Task 12

Study the adjectives describing feelings. Complete the table.

Task 13

Insert the given words in the gaps.

make ends meet, boom, squat, office, pedestrianised, self-esteem, cramped, market

1 They live in a ………… without electricity or running water.

2 Children can play safely in ……………. areas since there is no need for parents to worry about passing vehicles.

3 Sally has to work two jobs just to ……………. ……………. .

4 Losing your job can have a very bad effect on your ……………..

5 In the past, farmers used to travel to ……………. towns to sell their vegetables.

6 The ……………. building he works in was once an old warehouse.

7 It became a ……………. town when oil was discovered in the cornfields nearby.

8 They are living in very ………………………. conditions. They need to find a bigger house.

Разбор решения тренировочного задания 9

Charity 

Nowadays a lot of people in the world have little or no money at all. Many of them are even homeless and can’t enjoy what most of us take for 1 …………… .

1. granted

Take for granted – принимать как должное; устоявшееся выражение

They need our help and there are a lot of charity organizations to help poor people. Because of charities many homeless people have shelters, hungry children have been fed, a lot of diseases have already been 2 …………… and many animals are safe.

2. Cure — лечить болезнь. В сочетании с disease используем только cure. Остальные варианты не используются в данном сочетании

Around the world there are a lot of children who suffer from different diseases, running 3 …………… time and hope.

3. out of

Устойчивое выражение run out of something, если что-то заканчивается.

There are a lot of people in the world who have chosen charity as their main mission in life. One of the most famous missionaries was Mother Teresa. She lived the hard life of the poor alongside them; she knew how it felt sleeping on hard floors and living on dirty streets. And because she was experiencing 4 …………… what the people she was helping were going through, she so effectively knew how to give.

4. first-hand из собственного опыта, из первых рук

first-rate первоклассный

first-time нет такого слова

first-ever начальный, первоначальный

В тексте подразумевается, что она сама испытывала и переживала то, что с чем сталкивались другие люди, которым она и помогала. she was experiencing first-hand

A lot of rich people also feel the necessity to help the poor. For example, Bill Gates is a famous billionaire, but he is also a noted philanthropist who donated the proceeds of his successful books to 5 …………… educational organizations.

5. non-profit не приносящий выгоду, некоммерческий

unprofitable нерентабельный,невыгодный

unprofit нет такого слова

non-profitable нет такого слова

He has also given millions to initiatives in global health and learning, hoping to 6 …………… more and more people to have access

6. enable давать возможность

…hoping to enable more and more people to have access…

unable неспособный

let используем без частицы to

make используем без частицы to

to 7 …………… facilities in these areas. The spirit of philanthropy is not about what or how much you give but rather about the feeling that you are helping others in need.

7. vital жизненно важные

visible видимый; очевидный

vigorous энергичный, решительный

vivid живой, яркий

Разбор решения тренировочного задания 10

Nowadays, many people tend to prefer a life in the urban city because of many opportunities that it brings to them, such as: job, career, the _______ (ENTERTAIN),

Используем существительное, т.к идет ряд однородных членов. Образуем его с помощью суффикса -ment : entertainment

good _______ (EDUCATE),

Продолжение ряда однородных членов. Образуем существительное с помощью суффикса –ion: education

and ______ (GOOD) standard of living.

Слово стоит перед существительным, значит это описательное прилагательное. Определяем форму. Нужна сравнительная, тк для построения превосходной отсутствует определенный артикль: better

However, the life in the urban city is also very _______ (STRESS) and busy.

Нужно описательное прилагательное к слову life. По смыслу предложения требуется наличие данного признака, поэтому образуем прилагательное с помощью суффикса –ful: stressful

Moreover, one of _______ (BIG) problems of the urban city is dense population because more and more people tend to go to the city to find jobs and make a living day by day.

Прилагательное big используется в данном контексте в форме превосходной степени, выделяя один из множества. the biggest

The _____ (POPULATION) creates

Данное слово образует однокоренное с помощью приставки over- (сверх), которая придает новый смысл данной лексической единице, чего и требуется по контексту «перенаселение»: overpopulation

many_________ (WORRY) problems in our society nowadays.

Описательное прилагательное к слову problems будет образовано с помощью

суффикса –ing; worrying

____ (ONE) of all,

Вводная структура «Прежде всего». Образуем порядковое числительное от слова one – the first (исключение), определенный артикль в данном выражении не используется: first of all

one of the problems that the society in the urban city has to face is ______ (EMPLOY).

Одна из проблем мегаполисов – безработица. Образуем приставочно-суффиксальным способом. Приставка un- несет противоположное значение, суффикс –ment образует существительное: unemployment.

People become _______ (JOB)

После глагола идет описательное прилагательное, в котором заключено отсутствие данного признака. Образуем с помощью суффикса –less: jobless

and can’t afford their own living and their own family. The ______ (TWO) problem

Используем порядковое числительное при перечислении проблем: вторая(исключение) — the second

of dense population is the ________ (POLLUTE) of air and water.

Some other problems of dense population are the degradation of infrastructure in society, exhausting resources, traffic jam, stressed lives, illiteracy, the poverty and so forth. All of the above problems resulted from dense population in the urban city.

В структуре the ____ of требуется часть речи: существительное. Образуем от глагола с помощью суффикса –tion: pollution

Дополнительный материал

1. Do the task 8 on p85 Student’s Book (Дули Дж. и др. Английский в фокусе. Английский язык. 11 класс. Учебник, стр. 85 – М.: Просвещение, 2017.)